All surfaces except for the floor were in a vertical position approximately 1 m away from the operator of the e-cigarettes. Wipe samples were collected from five different surfaces located in an exposure chamber: the tiled floor, flat glass window, vinyl wall, metal plate, and wooden desk. The eGo tank system was activated manually 1 s before each puff by pressing the heating element activation button following its release immediately after aspiration of the puff. Thus, altogether 100 puffs were released over approximately 1.5hr. This procedure was repeated 10 times for one set of ten sets with 30-s intervals between puffs and 5-min intervals between sets of puffs. The syringe was detached from the rubber connector and whole vapor from inside of the syringe was slowly released into the exposure chamber. A puff of 100mL was drawn into the syringe for a consistent 4–5 s. All experiments were performed during summer season in July and August 2013.Į-cigarette vapor was generated by attaching the e-cigarette to a 100mL syringe via rubber connector located 1.7 m above the floor (i.e., at approximate mouth height). The door to the exposure chamber was closed and the ventilation system was turned off.
Prior to experimentation, the ventilation system in the exposure chamber was put on high power for 15–20min. The goal of this research was to assess the deposition of nicotine on various surfaces as a marker of thirdhand exposure from e-cigarettes, using wipe sampling to take surface samples before and after e-cigarette usage.Īll experiments were conducted in a 3.7×3.0×2.7 m exposure chamber with a negative pressure inside, controlled ventilation and humidity. Because e-cigarettes have just entered the market, there is little research on them, and even less information on how they may contribute to thirdhand exposure. 5ĭespite the small emissions of nicotine from e-cigarettes as compared to tobacco cigarettes, 6 e-cigarettes might be a source of particles and organic compounds that can contaminate the air and expose children and nonsmokers. Nicotine from tobacco smoke has been shown to react with oxidizing chemicals in the air to form secondary pollutants, such as carcinogenic nitrosamines. 3, 4 While it may be possible to use an acidic cleanser on walls, it may be impossible to use it on a carpet. 3 Nicotine is incredibly difficult to remove from surfaces and must be done with an acidic cleanser (most soaps are alkaline). 1, 4 The potential danger of thirdhand exposure to tobacco smoke continues long after smoking has ceased, even for years. Children and infants are especially vulnerable due to their increased exposure to these surfaces and sensitivity. 1–4 Thirdhand exposure is pervasive wherever nicotine has been smoked, creating multiple exposure routes. Thirdhand exposure occurs when nicotine and other chemicals from secondhand smoke deposits on surfaces, such as walls, tables, floors, and even clothes, exposing people via touch, ingestion, and inhalation. The e-liquid is vaporized by a metallic coil heated by a battery that is activated when the user takes a puff on the e-cigarette. E-liquid contains nicotine, water, and propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin, which help create a vapor. They were designed as smoking cessation devices by satisfying both nicotine addiction and physical habits. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are new battery powered devices that resemble tobacco cigarettes but which convert a nicotine solution (e-liquid) into an inhalable vapor, thus eliminating a majority of the toxic effects of smoking.
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